因为使用消息的时候的编码问题导致

String response = new String(message.getBody());
MessageProperties messageProperties = message.getMessageProperties();
log.info("【MQ消息】routingKey：{}：body：{}", messageProperties.getReceivedRoutingKey(), response);

需要将获取消息的时候指定编码为UTF-8

String response = new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);